22 NYCRR Part 161
Use of Artificial Intelligence Technology
What the rule requires
Any attorney or party who uses an artificial intelligence tool to prepare any paper filed, submitted, or served must carefully review it and independently ensure that it contains no fabricated or fictitious cases, statutes, or other material.
By signing the paper, the attorney or party certifies that this review was done. Failure to do so may result in sanction.
No AI-use disclosure is required. The rule does not require you to disclose that AI was used — it requires that filed material be independently verified.
Individual judges may impose additional requirements. Check each judge's individual rules before filing.
How Second Seat helps
Second Seat is a verification tool that supports your review. It checks the citations in your text against authoritative sources so you can catch problems before you sign and file.
- Existence — confirms each cited case or statute is real, not fabricated.
- Quote support — checks that quoted language actually appears in the cited authority.
- Jurisdiction — flags authority from other jurisdictions for your review.
Two ways to run a check:
- Paste any legal text into the Verify tool to see every citation checked.
- Ask the assistant in chat to check these citations on any draft.
This is information, not legal advice
Second Seat does not make you compliant with Part 161. Your independent review and your signature are the legal acts the rule requires. Second Seat is a verification tool that supports that review — it does not replace your professional judgment or your obligation to confirm every authority yourself.